This article describes a workflow executed with MATLAB simulation and practical measurements for single phase power transformer. In addition, no-load, short-circuit test and load test are achieved in this work. The test procedures are implemented on a real transformer (terco– type) which has specifications of (1KVA, 220/110V, 50Hz). Finally, the simulation results are appeared proximately similar from the practical results.

With increasing urban population, the need for underground spaces increases and deep excavation is an inevitable affair in civil projects. deep tunnels and large buildings require deep excavations, which is a must use some techniques for stabilize it. grouted soil nail is a popular reinforcement to stabilize slopes, excavations and retaining walls. This method has been introduced to Hong Kong in the mid-1980s and has become an alternative solution to the conventional slope stabilizing methods such as compaction, earth retaining structure, or reduced inclination of the slope, etc. this method is based on sewing the potential failure wedge of soil on the stable soil using some inactive (un-prestressed) elements. the shear strength-displacement behavior at the interface between the grouted nail and surrounding soil is an important parameter in design of various geotechnical engineering projects, for example, soil nails, retaining walls, shallow foundations, pile foundations, etc. in soil nail system, the most common method to measure the interface shear strength is pullout test. It is also possible to determine the interface strength based on the development of resistance between soil and grout in direct shear Tests. However, accurate perception of the shear behavior in the connection area of the soil and grout is essential to reach an optimum design. In other words, the interaction between soil and grouted nail is necessary to design an optimum soil nail system. the most common method for determination grouted soil interface resistance is pullout test but there is another experiment that can yield acceptable results. The current study investigates the interface shear behavior between cement-grout and granular soil in direct shear test with different grout pressures ( 0 up to 2 bar) and different overburden pressures (100 up to 300 ,kPa). For this purpose, a number of direct shear Tests are performed by modifying of the standard shear box for injection of grout. “, Firozkooh”,sand is used in this study. The soil is compacted to the relative density of 90 % and the slurry is sprayed with pressure on its surface. Furthermore, results of two pullout Tests were used for verification. These pullout test have already been presented in another study with different normal stress and grout pressure. it is shown that the results of direct shear test and pullout test at interface are similar. this may indicate the proper function of direct shear test as a suitable choice alongside pullout test. It was observed that shear stress–, displacement curves of the soil-grout interface in direct shear Tests are similar to the soil-soil Tests,which are classified under different grouting pressures. In addition, increasing grout pressure increases shear strength by increasing the angle of friction and bonding of soil and slurry. The effect of adhesion is dominant. it is shown that The interface shear stress under different grouting pressures is greater than the shear stress of soil under the same normal stresses. it is shown that grouting pressure and normal stress have influence on the behavior of soil-cement interface. Therefore, interface shear strength increases with increase in overburden and injection pressure. The variation of the interface shear strength is approximately linear versus grouting pressure. Finally, a formula is proposed for interface shear strength considering grouting pressure.

In this article a physical model is presented. A trapezoidal shape of channel with 1. 45 m width, 1 meter depth and banks slope of 1H: 1. 5V was applied. Circular piers (6, 8 and 10cm diameter) were examined under three dissimilar flow discharges of 50, 65 and 80 lit/s and three different median bed material sizes equal to 0. 94, 1. 31 and 2. 12 mm. Seven different longitude distance to pier diameter ratios (1, 1. 5, 2, 2. 5, 3, 4 and 5) were examined. Measurement of scour depth (upstream, around and downstream of pier) was accomplished in 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes from the beginning of each examination. The results indicated that 30%-40%, up to 65% and more than 90% of local scour occurs at first two, 10, 120 and 200 minutes from the beginning of test respectively. The effect of dissimilar parameter especially the distance between piers on scour depth at group piers in series was evaluated and the results were compared to other researchers. It was found that our results is best fitted with the general form of well known Sheppard et al. (2004)’ s equation.

In this paper, the grouting ability of sandy soils is investigated by artificial neural networks based on the results of chemical grout injection Tests. In order to evaluate the soil grouting potential, Experimental samples were prepared and then injected. The sand samples with three different particle sizes (medium, fine, and silty) and three relative densities (%30, %50, and %90) were injected with the sodium silicate grout with three different concentrations (water to sodium silicate ratio of 0.33, 1, and 2). A multi-layer Perceptron type of the artificial neural network was trained and tested using the results of 138 Experimental Tests. The multi-layer Perceptron included one input layer, two hidden layers and one output layer. The input parameters consisted of initial relative densities of grouted samples, the average size of particles (D50), the ratio of the grout water to sodium silicate and the grout pressure. The output parameter was the grout injection radius. The results of the Experimental Tests showed that the radius of grout injection is a complicated function of the mentioned parameters. In addition, the results of the trained artificial neural network showed to be reasonably consistent with the Experimental results.